IPhO Problems and Solutions
The oldest and best known of the physics olympiads, first held in Warsaw in 1967. Each country sends up to five students for a theoretical and an experimental exam. Many older exams contain errors, catalogued in Stefan Ivanov's errata list .
All Mechanics Electromagnetism Thermodynamics Waves & Optics Modern & Quantum Relativity Astrophysics
Newest first Cards List
Kinematics Dynamics Rigid body Fluids Gravitation Statics Electrostatics Circuits Magnetostatics Induction Em waves Heat transfer Gas laws Entropy Kinetic theory Phase transitions Statistical mechanics Oscillations Wave propagation Interference Diffraction Geometrical optics Polarization Atomic Nuclear Particle Solid state Quantum mechanics Stellar Orbital mechanics Cosmology Observational
2026
Colombia
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Three problems Problem Solution IPhO 2026 Theory problem 1, Three problems 2 Theory Cooking with sunlight? Problem Solution IPhO 2026 Theory problem 2, Cooking with sunlight? 3 Theory Chasing the absolute zero Problem Solution IPhO 2026 Theory problem 3, Chasing the absolute zero Experimental 1 problem Ideal Gas, Vapor Pressure, and Heat Conduction Problem Solution 4 Experimental Ideal Gas, Vapor Pressure, and Heat Conduction Problem Solution IPhO 2026 Experimental problem 4, Ideal Gas, Vapor Pressure, and Heat Conduction
2025
France
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Hydrogen and galaxies Problem Solution IPhO 2025 Theory problem 1, Hydrogen and galaxies 2 Theory Cox's Timepiece Problem Solution IPhO 2025 Theory problem 2, Cox's Timepiece 3 Theory Champagne! Problem Solution IPhO 2025 Theory problem 3, Champagne! Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Earth's magnetic field measurement Problem Solution IPhO 2025 Experimental problem 4, Earth's magnetic field measurement 5 Experimental Sand craters and dunes Problem Solution IPhO 2025 Experimental problem 5, Sand craters and dunes Theory Backup 1 problem Strongly correlated Fermi gases Problem 6 Theory Backup Strongly correlated Fermi gases Problem IPhO 2025 Theory Backup problem 6, Strongly correlated Fermi gases
2024
Iran
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Greenhouse Effect Problem Solution IPhO 2024 Theory problem 1, Greenhouse Effect 2 Theory Trapping Ions and Cooling Atoms Problem Solution IPhO 2024 Theory problem 2, Trapping Ions and Cooling Atoms 3 Theory Black Widow Pulsar Problem Solution IPhO 2024 Theory problem 3, Black Widow Pulsar Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Heat Conduction in a Copper Rod Problem Solution IPhO 2024 Experimental problem 4, Heat Conduction in a Copper Rod 5 Experimental Diffraction from Phase Steps Problem Solution IPhO 2024 Experimental problem 5, Diffraction from Phase Steps
2023
Japan
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Soil Colloids Problem Solution IPhO 2023 Theory problem 1, Soil Colloids 2 Theory Neutron Stars Problem Solution IPhO 2023 Theory problem 2, Neutron Stars 3 Theory Water and Objects Problem Solution IPhO 2023 Theory problem 3, Water and Objects Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Mass Measurement Problem Solution IPhO 2023 Experimental problem 4, Mass Measurement 5 Experimental Birefringence Problem Solution IPhO 2023 Experimental problem 5, Birefringence
2022
Switzerland
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Permanent magnets Problem Solution IPhO 2022 Theory problem 1, Permanent magnets 2 Theory James Webb Space Telescope Problem Solution IPhO 2022 Theory problem 2, James Webb Space Telescope 3 Theory Scaling laws Problem Solution IPhO 2022 Theory problem 3, Scaling laws Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Planet Problem Solution IPhO 2022 Experimental problem 4, Planet 5 Experimental Cylindrical Diode Problem Solution IPhO 2022 Experimental problem 5, Cylindrical Diode
2021
Lithuania
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Planetary Physics Problem Solution IPhO 2021 Theory problem 1, Planetary Physics 2 Theory Electrostatic Lens Problem Solution IPhO 2021 Theory problem 2, Electrostatic Lens 3 Theory Particles and Waves Problem Solution IPhO 2021 Theory problem 3, Particles and Waves Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Non-ideal Capacitors Problem Solution IPhO 2021 Experimental problem 4, Non-ideal Capacitors 5 Experimental LEDs Problem Solution IPhO 2021 Experimental problem 5, LEDs
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Problem Mix Problem Solution IPhO 2020 Theory problem 1, Problem Mix 2 Theory Anisotropic Friction Problem Solution IPhO 2020 Theory problem 2, Anisotropic Friction 3 Theory Laser Technologies Problem Solution IPhO 2020 Theory problem 3, Laser Technologies 4 Experimental Crystallography Problem Solution IPhO 2020 Experimental problem 4, Crystallography
2019
Israel
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Zero-length springs and slinky coils Problem Solution IPhO 2019 Theory problem 1, Zero-length springs and slinky coils 2 Theory The Physics of a Microwave Oven Problem Solution IPhO 2019 Theory problem 2, The Physics of a Microwave Oven 3 Theory Thermoacoustic Engine Problem Solution IPhO 2019 Theory problem 3, Thermoacoustic Engine Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Optical Measurements Problem Solution IPhO 2019 Experimental problem 4, Optical Measurements 5 Experimental Wiedemann-Franz Law Problem Solution IPhO 2019 Experimental problem 5, Wiedemann-Franz Law
2018
Portugal
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory LIGO-GW150914 Problem Solution IPhO 2018 Theory problem 1, LIGO-GW150914 2 Theory Where is the neutrino? Problem Solution IPhO 2018 Theory problem 2, Where is the neutrino? 3 Theory Physics of Live Systems Problem Solution IPhO 2018 Theory problem 3, Physics of Live Systems Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Paper Transistor Problem Solution IPhO 2018 Experimental problem 4, Paper Transistor 5 Experimental Viscoelasticity of a Polymer Thread Problem Solution IPhO 2018 Experimental problem 5, Viscoelasticity of a Polymer Thread
2017
Indonesia
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Dark Matter Problem Solution IPhO 2017 Theory problem 1, Dark Matter 2 Theory Earthquake, Volcano and Tsunami Problem Solution IPhO 2017 Theory problem 2, Earthquake, Volcano and Tsunami 3 Theory Cosmic Inflation Problem Solution IPhO 2017 Theory problem 3, Cosmic Inflation Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Optics of a Salt Solution Problem Solution IPhO 2017 Experimental problem 4, Optics of a Salt Solution 5 Experimental Earthquake and Volcano Sensing Problem Solution IPhO 2017 Experimental problem 5, Earthquake and Volcano Sensing
2016
Switzerland
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Two Problems in Mechanics Problem Solution IPhO 2016 Theory problem 1, Two Problems in Mechanics 2 Theory Nonlinear Dynamics in Electric Circuits Problem Solution IPhO 2016 Theory problem 2, Nonlinear Dynamics in Electric Circuits 3 Theory Large Hadron Collider Problem Solution IPhO 2016 Theory problem 3, Large Hadron Collider Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Electrical Conductivity in 2D Problem Solution IPhO 2016 Experimental problem 4, Electrical Conductivity in 2D 5 Experimental Jumping Beads Problem Solution IPhO 2016 Experimental problem 5, Jumping Beads
2015
India
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Particles from the Sun Problem Solution IPhO 2015 Theory problem 1, Particles from the Sun 2 Theory The Extremum Principle Problem Solution IPhO 2015 Theory problem 2, The Extremum Principle 3 Theory The Design of a Nuclear Reactor Problem Solution IPhO 2015 Theory problem 3, The Design of a Nuclear Reactor Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Diffraction due to Helical Structure Problem Solution IPhO 2015 Experimental problem 4, Diffraction due to Helical Structure 5 Experimental Diffraction due to Surface Tension Problem Solution IPhO 2015 Experimental problem 5, Diffraction due to Surface Tension
2014
Kazakhstan
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Three Problems Problem Solution IPhO 2014 Theory problem 1, Three Problems 2 Theory Van der Waals Gas Problem Solution IPhO 2014 Theory problem 2, Van der Waals Gas 3 Theory Gas Discharge Problem Solution IPhO 2014 Theory problem 3, Gas Discharge 4 Experimental To see invisible! Problem Solution IPhO 2014 Experimental problem 4, To see invisible!
2013
Denmark
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory The Maribo Meteorite Problem Solution IPhO 2013 Theory problem 1, The Maribo Meteorite 2 Theory Plasmonic Steam Generator Problem Solution IPhO 2013 Theory problem 2, Plasmonic Steam Generator 3 Theory The Greenlandic Ice Sheet Problem Solution IPhO 2013 Theory problem 3, The Greenlandic Ice Sheet Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Speed of Light Problem Solution IPhO 2013 Experimental problem 4, Speed of Light 5 Experimental Solar Cells Problem Solution IPhO 2013 Experimental problem 5, Solar Cells
2012
Estonia
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Focus on sketches Problem Solution IPhO 2012 Theory problem 1, Focus on sketches 2 Theory Kelvin water dropper Problem Solution IPhO 2012 Theory problem 2, Kelvin water dropper 3 Theory Protostar formation Problem Solution IPhO 2012 Theory problem 3, Protostar formation Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental The Magnetic Permeability of Water Problem Solution IPhO 2012 Experimental problem 4, The Magnetic Permeability of Water 5 Experimental Nonlinear Black Box Problem Solution IPhO 2012 Experimental problem 5, Nonlinear Black Box
2011
Thailand
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory A Three-body Problem and LISA Problem Solution IPhO 2011 Theory problem 1, A Three-body Problem and LISA 2 Theory An Electrified Soap Bubble Problem Solution IPhO 2011 Theory problem 2, An Electrified Soap Bubble 3 Theory Scattering of an Ion by a Neutral Atom Problem Solution IPhO 2011 Theory problem 3, Scattering of an Ion by a Neutral Atom Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Blackbox: Capacitive Displacement Sensor Problem Solution IPhO 2011 Experimental problem 4, Blackbox: Capacitive Displacement Sensor 5 Experimental Mechanical Blackbox: a cylinder with a ball inside Problem Solution IPhO 2011 Experimental problem 5, Mechanical Blackbox: a cylinder with a ball inside
2010
Croatia
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Image of a charge in a metallic object Problem Solution IPhO 2010 Theory problem 1, Image of a charge in a metallic object 2 Theory Chimney physics Problem Solution IPhO 2010 Theory problem 2, Chimney physics 3 Theory Simple model of an atomic nucleus Problem Solution IPhO 2010 Theory problem 3, Simple model of an atomic nucleus Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Elasticity of Sheets Problem Solution IPhO 2010 Experimental problem 4, Elasticity of Sheets 5 Experimental Forces between Magnets Problem Solution IPhO 2010 Experimental problem 5, Forces between Magnets
2009
Mexico
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Evolution of the Earth-Moon System Problem Solution IPhO 2009 Theory problem 1, Evolution of the Earth-Moon System 2 Theory Doppler Laser Cooling and Optical Molasses Problem Solution IPhO 2009 Theory problem 2, Doppler Laser Cooling and Optical Molasses 3 Theory Why are Stars so Large? Problem Solution IPhO 2009 Theory problem 3, Why are Stars so Large? Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Wavelength of a Diode Laser Problem Solution IPhO 2009 Experimental problem 4, Wavelength of a Diode Laser 5 Experimental Birefringence of Mica Problem Solution IPhO 2009 Experimental problem 5, Birefringence of Mica
2008
Vietnam
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Water-Powered Rice-Pounding Mortar Problem Solution IPhO 2008 Theory problem 1, Water-Powered Rice-Pounding Mortar 2 Theory Cherenkov Light and Ring Imaging Counter Problem Solution IPhO 2008 Theory problem 2, Cherenkov Light and Ring Imaging Counter 3 Theory Change of Air Temperature in the Atmosphere Problem Solution IPhO 2008 Theory problem 3, Change of Air Temperature in the Atmosphere 4 Experimental Differential Thermometric Method Problem Solution IPhO 2008 Experimental problem 4, Differential Thermometric Method
2007
Iran
4 Experimental Band Gap of Semiconductor Thin Films Problem Solution IPhO 2007 Experimental problem 4, Band Gap of Semiconductor Thin Films
2006
Singapore
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Gravity in a Neutron Interferometer Problem Solution IPhO 2006 Theory problem 1, Gravity in a Neutron Interferometer 2 Theory Watching a Rod in Motion Problem Solution IPhO 2006 Theory problem 2, Watching a Rod in Motion 3 Theory Five Estimations Problem Solution IPhO 2006 Theory problem 3, Five Estimations Experimental 1 problem Interference, Reflection and Diffraction Problem Solution 4 Experimental Interference, Reflection and Diffraction Problem Solution IPhO 2006 Experimental problem 4, Interference, Reflection and Diffraction
2005
Spain
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory An ill Fated Satellite Problem Solution IPhO 2005 Theory problem 1, An ill Fated Satellite 2 Theory Absolute Measurements of Electrical Quantities Problem Solution IPhO 2005 Theory problem 2, Absolute Measurements of Electrical Quantities 3 Theory Neutrons in a Gravitational Field Problem Solution IPhO 2005 Theory problem 3, Neutrons in a Gravitational Field Experimental 1 problem Planck's Constant in an Incandescent Lamp Problem Solution 4 Experimental Planck's Constant in an Incandescent Lamp Problem Solution IPhO 2005 Experimental problem 4, Planck's Constant in an Incandescent Lamp
2004
Korea
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory “Ping-Pong” Resistor Problem Solution IPhO 2004 Theory problem 1, “Ping-Pong” Resistor 2 Theory Rising Balloon Problem Solution IPhO 2004 Theory problem 2, Rising Balloon 3 Theory Atomic Probe Microscope Problem Solution IPhO 2004 Theory problem 3, Atomic Probe Microscope 4 Experimental Mechanical "Black Box" Problem Solution IPhO 2004 Experimental problem 4, Mechanical "Black Box"
2003
Taiwan
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory A Swing with a Falling Weight Problem Solution IPhO 2003 Theory problem 1, A Swing with a Falling Weight 2 Theory A Piezoelectric Crystal Resonator Problem Solution IPhO 2003 Theory problem 2, A Piezoelectric Crystal Resonator 3 Theory Neutrino Mass and Neutron Decay Problem Solution IPhO 2003 Theory problem 3, Neutrino Mass and Neutron Decay 4 Experimental Optical Properties of Laser Diode Problem Solution IPhO 2003 Experimental problem 4, Optical Properties of Laser Diode
2002
Indonesia
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Ground-Penetrating Radar Problem Solution IPhO 2002 Theory problem 1, Ground-Penetrating Radar 2 Theory Sensing Electrical Signals Problem Solution IPhO 2002 Theory problem 2, Sensing Electrical Signals 3 Theory A Heavy Vehicle Moving on An Inclined Road Problem Solution IPhO 2002 Theory problem 3, A Heavy Vehicle Moving on An Inclined Road Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Physical Constants with Electrolysis Problem Solution IPhO 2002 Experimental problem 4, Physical Constants with Electrolysis 5 Experimental Optical Black Box Problem Solution IPhO 2002 Experimental problem 5, Optical Black Box
2001
Turkey
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Four Problems Problem Solution IPhO 2001 Theory problem 1, Four Problems 2 Theory Binary Star System Problem Solution IPhO 2001 Theory problem 2, Binary Star System 3 Theory Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Generator Problem Solution IPhO 2001 Theory problem 3, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Generator 4 Experimental Rotating Liquid Problem Solution IPhO 2001 Experimental problem 4, Rotating Liquid
2000
United Kingdom
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Five Problems Problem Solution IPhO 2000 Theory problem 1, Five Problems 2 Theory Cathode Ray Tube Problem Solution IPhO 2000 Theory problem 2, Cathode Ray Tube 3 Theory Gravitational Waves and Light Problem Solution IPhO 2000 Theory problem 3, Gravitational Waves and Light Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental CDROM Spectrometer Problem IPhO 2000 Experimental problem 4, CDROM Spectrometer 5 Experimental The Magnetic Puck Problem IPhO 2000 Experimental problem 5, The Magnetic Puck
1999
Italy
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Absorption of Radiation by a Gas Problem Solution IPhO 1999 Theory problem 1, Absorption of Radiation by a Gas 2 Theory Magnetic field with a V-shaped wire Problem Solution IPhO 1999 Theory problem 2, Magnetic field with a V-shaped wire 3 Theory A Space Probe to Jupiter Problem Solution IPhO 1999 Theory problem 3, A Space Probe to Jupiter 4 Experimental Torsion pendulum Problem Solution IPhO 1999 Experimental problem 4, Torsion pendulum
1998
Iceland
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Rolling of a Hexagonal Prism Problem Solution IPhO 1998 Theory problem 1, Rolling of a Hexagonal Prism 2 Theory Water under an Ice Cap Problem Solution IPhO 1998 Theory problem 2, Water under an Ice Cap 3 Theory Faster than Light? Problem Solution IPhO 1998 Theory problem 3, Faster than Light? Experimental 1 problem Electromagnetism Problem 4 Experimental Electromagnetism Problem IPhO 1998 Experimental problem 4, Electromagnetism
1997
Canada
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Scalings Problem Solution IPhO 1997 Theory problem 1, Scalings 2 Theory Nuclear Masses and Stability Problem Solution IPhO 1997 Theory problem 2, Nuclear Masses and Stability 3 Theory Solar-Powered Aircraft Problem Solution IPhO 1997 Theory problem 3, Solar-Powered Aircraft 4 Experimental Characterization of the Bimorph Problem Solution IPhO 1997 Experimental problem 4, Characterization of the Bimorph
1996
Norway
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Five Problems Problem Solution IPhO 1996 Theory problem 1, Five Problems 2 Theory Dynamics of Electrons and Cylinders Problem Solution IPhO 1996 Theory problem 2, Dynamics of Electrons and Cylinders 3 Theory Moon and Tides Problem Solution IPhO 1996 Theory problem 3, Moon and Tides 4 Experimental Gravity and Magnetism Problem Solution IPhO 1996 Experimental problem 4, Gravity and Magnetism
1995
Australia
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Gravitational Red Shift and Stellar Mass Problem Solution IPhO 1995 Theory problem 1, Gravitational Red Shift and Stellar Mass 2 Theory Sound Propagation Problem Solution IPhO 1995 Theory problem 2, Sound Propagation 3 Theory Cylindrical Buoy Problem Solution IPhO 1995 Theory problem 3, Cylindrical Buoy Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Terminal Velocity in a Viscous Liquid Problem Solution IPhO 1995 Experimental problem 4, Terminal Velocity in a Viscous Liquid 5 Experimental Diffraction and Scattering of Laser Light Problem Solution IPhO 1995 Experimental problem 5, Diffraction and Scattering of Laser Light
1994
China
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Relativistic Particle Problem Solution IPhO 1994 Theory problem 1, Relativistic Particle 2 Theory Superconducting Magnet Problem Solution IPhO 1994 Theory problem 2, Superconducting Magnet 3 Theory Collision of Discs with Surface Friction Problem Solution IPhO 1994 Theory problem 3, Collision of Discs with Surface Friction Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Light Reflectivity of a Transparent Dielectric Problem Solution IPhO 1994 Experimental problem 4, Light Reflectivity of a Transparent Dielectric 5 Experimental Two Terminal Black Box Problem Solution IPhO 1994 Experimental problem 5, Two Terminal Black Box
1993
USA
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Atmospheric Electricity Problem Solution IPhO 1993 Theory problem 1, Atmospheric Electricity 2 Theory Laser Forces on a Transparent Prism Problem Solution IPhO 1993 Theory problem 2, Laser Forces on a Transparent Prism 3 Theory Electron Beam Problem Solution IPhO 1993 Theory problem 3, Electron Beam Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Heat of Vaporization of Nitrogen Problem Solution IPhO 1993 Experimental problem 4, Heat of Vaporization of Nitrogen 5 Experimental Magnetic Moments and Fields Problem Solution IPhO 1993 Experimental problem 5, Magnetic Moments and Fields
1992
Finland
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory A Rotating Satellite Problem Solution IPhO 1992 Theory problem 1, A Rotating Satellite 2 Theory The Longitudinal Motion of a Linear Molecule Problem Solution IPhO 1992 Theory problem 2, The Longitudinal Motion of a Linear Molecule 3 Theory A Satellite in Sunshine Problem Solution IPhO 1992 Theory problem 3, A Satellite in Sunshine Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Electric Breakdown of Air Problem Solution IPhO 1992 Experimental problem 4, Electric Breakdown of Air 5 Experimental A Grating and Optical Filters Problem Solution IPhO 1992 Experimental problem 5, A Grating and Optical Filters
1991
Cuba
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Friction on Impact Problem Solution IPhO 1991 Theory problem 1, Friction on Impact 2 Theory Relativistic Square Problem Solution IPhO 1991 Theory problem 2, Relativistic Square 3 Theory Cooling Atoms by Laser Problem Solution IPhO 1991 Theory problem 3, Cooling Atoms by Laser 4 Experimental Three Terminal Black Box Problem Solution IPhO 1991 Experimental problem 4, Three Terminal Black Box
1990
Netherlands
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory X-ray Diffraction from a Crystal Problem Solution IPhO 1990 Theory problem 1, X-ray Diffraction from a Crystal 2 Theory Electric Experiments in the Magnetosphere Problem Solution IPhO 1990 Theory problem 2, Electric Experiments in the Magnetosphere 3 Theory The Rotating Neutron Star Problem Solution IPhO 1990 Theory problem 3, The Rotating Neutron Star Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental LED Efficiency Problem Solution IPhO 1990 Experimental problem 4, LED Efficiency 5 Experimental Two Magnets Problem Solution IPhO 1990 Experimental problem 5, Two Magnets
1989
Poland
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Boiling Liquids Problem Solution IPhO 1989 Theory problem 1, Boiling Liquids 2 Theory Rotating Masses Problem Solution IPhO 1989 Theory problem 2, Rotating Masses 3 Theory Proton Microscope Problem Solution IPhO 1989 Theory problem 3, Proton Microscope 4 Experimental Piezoelectric Discs Problem Solution IPhO 1989 Experimental problem 4, Piezoelectric Discs
1988
Austria
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Spectroscopy of Particle Velocities Problem Solution IPhO 1988 Theory problem 1, Spectroscopy of Particle Velocities 2 Theory Maxwell's Wheel Problem Solution IPhO 1988 Theory problem 2, Maxwell's Wheel 3 Theory Recombination of Ions in Ionized Gas Problem Solution IPhO 1988 Theory problem 3, Recombination of Ions in Ionized Gas Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Polarized Light Problem Solution IPhO 1988 Experimental problem 4, Polarized Light 5 Experimental Electron Tube Problem Solution IPhO 1988 Experimental problem 5, Electron Tube
1987
East Germany
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Ascending Moist Air Problem Solution IPhO 1987 Theory problem 1, Ascending Moist Air 2 Theory Electrons in a Magnetic Field Problem Solution IPhO 1987 Theory problem 2, Electrons in a Magnetic Field 3 Theory Infinite LC-grid Problem Solution IPhO 1987 Theory problem 3, Infinite LC-grid 4 Experimental Refractive Indices Problem Solution IPhO 1987 Experimental problem 4, Refractive Indices
1986
United Kingdom
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Wave Interference Problem Solution IPhO 1986 Theory problem 1, Wave Interference 2 Theory Seismic Waves Problem Solution IPhO 1986 Theory problem 2, Seismic Waves 3 Theory Masses and Springs Problem Solution IPhO 1986 Theory problem 3, Masses and Springs Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Pendant Drop Problem Solution IPhO 1986 Experimental problem 4, Pendant Drop 5 Experimental Microcomputer Problem Solution IPhO 1986 Experimental problem 5, Microcomputer
1985
Yugoslavia
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Antenna Array Problem Solution IPhO 1985 Theory problem 1, Antenna Array 2 Theory Hall Effect Problem Solution IPhO 1985 Theory problem 2, Hall Effect 3 Theory Escaping the Solar System Problem Solution IPhO 1985 Theory problem 3, Escaping the Solar System Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Brass Disk Problem Solution IPhO 1985 Experimental problem 4, Brass Disk 5 Experimental Permanent Magnets Problem Solution IPhO 1985 Experimental problem 5, Permanent Magnets
1984
Sweden
Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Diode, Capacitor and Resistor Problem Solution IPhO 1984 Experimental problem 4, Diode, Capacitor and Resistor 5 Experimental Glow Discharge Lamp Problem Solution IPhO 1984 Experimental problem 5, Glow Discharge Lamp
1983
Romania
1982
West Germany
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Fluorescent lamp Problem Solution IPhO 1982 Theory problem 1, Fluorescent lamp 2 Theory Oscillating coat hanger Problem Solution IPhO 1982 Theory problem 2, Oscillating coat hanger 3 Theory Hot-air-balloon Problem Solution IPhO 1982 Theory problem 3, Hot-air-balloon Experimental 2 problems
4 Experimental Lens Experiment Problem Solution IPhO 1982 Experimental problem 4, Lens Experiment 5 Experimental Motion of a Rolling Cylinder Problem Solution IPhO 1982 Experimental problem 5, Motion of a Rolling Cylinder
1981
Bulgaria
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Gas Container Rocket Problem Solution IPhO 1981 Theory problem 1, Gas Container Rocket 2 Theory Electric Lamp Problem Solution IPhO 1981 Theory problem 2, Electric Lamp 3 Theory Detecting Astronomical Radiowaves Problem Solution IPhO 1981 Theory problem 3, Detecting Astronomical Radiowaves 4 Experimental Elastic Rubber Cord Problem Solution IPhO 1981 Experimental problem 4, Elastic Rubber Cord
1979
Soviet Union
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory To the Moon! Problem Solution IPhO 1979 Theory problem 1, To the Moon! 2 Theory Influence of Humidity on Scales Problem Solution IPhO 1979 Theory problem 2, Influence of Humidity on Scales 3 Theory Reflectors on the Moon Problem Solution IPhO 1979 Theory problem 3, Reflectors on the Moon 4 Experimental Black Box Problem Solution IPhO 1979 Experimental problem 4, Black Box
1977
Czechoslovakia
1976
Hungary
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Spinning Block Inside a Sphere Problem Solution IPhO 1976 Theory problem 1, Spinning Block Inside a Sphere 2 Theory A Valve in a Cylinder Problem Solution IPhO 1976 Theory problem 2, A Valve in a Cylinder 3 Theory Air Bubble inside a Glass Sphere Problem Solution IPhO 1976 Theory problem 3, Air Bubble inside a Glass Sphere 4 Experimental Thermal Properties of the X material Problem Solution IPhO 1976 Experimental problem 4, Thermal Properties of the X material
1975
East Germany
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Rotating Rod Problem Solution IPhO 1975 Theory problem 1, Rotating Rod 2 Theory Thick Lens Problem Solution IPhO 1975 Theory problem 2, Thick Lens 3 Theory Ions in a Magnetic Field Problem Solution IPhO 1975 Theory problem 3, Ions in a Magnetic Field 4 Experimental Semiconductor Element Problem Solution IPhO 1975 Experimental problem 4, Semiconductor Element
1974
Poland
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Hydrogen Atoms Colliding Problem Solution IPhO 1974 Theory problem 1, Hydrogen Atoms Colliding 2 Theory Bending Light Problem Solution IPhO 1974 Theory problem 2, Bending Light 3 Theory Surviving with Thermodynamics Problem Solution IPhO 1974 Theory problem 3, Surviving with Thermodynamics 4 Experimental Diodes in a Black Box Problem Solution IPhO 1974 Experimental problem 4, Diodes in a Black Box
1972
Romania
Theory 4 problems
1 Theory Three Cylinders Problem Solution IPhO 1972 Theory problem 1, Three Cylinders 2 Theory Molecular Physics Problem Solution IPhO 1972 Theory problem 2, Molecular Physics 3 Theory Dielectric Liquid Problem Solution IPhO 1972 Theory problem 3, Dielectric Liquid 4 Theory Geometrical Optics and Interference Problem Solution IPhO 1972 Theory problem 4, Geometrical Optics and Interference 5 Experimental Two Cylinders Problem Solution IPhO 1972 Experimental problem 5, Two Cylinders
1971
Bulgaria
Theory 4 problems
1 Theory Connected Masses on a Prism Problem Solution IPhO 1971 Theory problem 1, Connected Masses on a Prism 2 Theory Mercury Barometer Problem Solution IPhO 1971 Theory problem 2, Mercury Barometer 3 Theory Batteries, Capacitors and Resistors in a Cube Problem Solution IPhO 1971 Theory problem 3, Batteries, Capacitors and Resistors in a Cube 4 Theory Spherical Aquarium Problem Solution IPhO 1971 Theory problem 4, Spherical Aquarium 5 Experimental Rheostat Dissipation Problem Solution IPhO 1971 Experimental problem 5, Rheostat Dissipation
1970
Soviet Union
Theory 4 problems
1 Theory Carrying a Bar Problem Solution IPhO 1970 Theory problem 1, Carrying a Bar 2 Theory A Chemistry Problem (Salt Crystals) Problem Solution IPhO 1970 Theory problem 2, A Chemistry Problem (Salt Crystals) 3 Theory Spherical Capacitors Problem Solution IPhO 1970 Theory problem 3, Spherical Capacitors 4 Theory A Telescope with a Spherical Mirror Problem Solution IPhO 1970 Theory problem 4, A Telescope with a Spherical Mirror 5 Experimental Three Lenses Problem Solution IPhO 1970 Experimental problem 5, Three Lenses
1969
Czechoslovakia
Problems 4 problems
1 Three Carts Problem Solution IPhO 1969 problem 1, Three Carts 2 Water inside a Copper Calorimeter Problem Solution IPhO 1969 problem 2, Water inside a Copper Calorimeter 3 Suspended Charged Ball Problem Solution IPhO 1969 problem 3, Suspended Charged Ball 4 Glass Plate above a Glass Cube Problem Solution IPhO 1969 problem 4, Glass Plate above a Glass Cube
1968
Hungary
Theory 3 problems
1 Theory Block and Cylinder on an Inclined Plane Problem Solution IPhO 1968 Theory problem 1, Block and Cylinder on an Inclined Plane 2 Theory Mixing Toluene Problem Solution IPhO 1968 Theory problem 2, Mixing Toluene 3 Theory Glass Semi-cylinder Problem Solution IPhO 1968 Theory problem 3, Glass Semi-cylinder 4 Experimental Three Black Boxes Problem Solution IPhO 1968 Experimental problem 4, Three Black Boxes
1967
Poland
Theory 4 problems
1 Theory Shooting a Ball Problem Solution IPhO 1967 Theory problem 1, Shooting a Ball 2 Theory Infinite Network of Resistors Problem Solution IPhO 1967 Theory problem 2, Infinite Network of Resistors 3 Theory Heating Balls Problem Solution IPhO 1967 Theory problem 3, Heating Balls 4 Theory Heating a Vessel Problem Solution IPhO 1967 Theory problem 4, Heating a Vessel 5 Experimental Heating Petroleum Problem Solution IPhO 1967 Experimental problem 5, Heating Petroleum
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